Optical networks

ABSTRACT

An optical network comprising an optical network element comprising a first optical transmitter, a first controller, an optical receiver, a second optical transmitter, a second controller and optical receiver apparatus. Said first controller is arranged to control said first optical transmitter to generate and transmit a first optical signal in response no second optical signal being detected. Said first controller is arranged to iteratively generate and transmit said first optical signal at different wavelengths of a plurality of wavelengths until said second optical signal is detected, and is further arranged to subsequently maintain generation and transmission of said first optical signal at said wavelength at which said second optical signal is detected. Said second controller is arranged to control said second optical transmitter to generate and transmit said second optical signal following detection of said first optical signal by said optical receiver apparatus.

RELATED APPLICATIONS

This application is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No.13/391,453, filed Feb. 21, 2012, which is a U.S. national phase ofInternational App. No. PCT/EP2009/060738, filed Aug. 19, 2009, thecontents of which are incorporated herein by reference.

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

The invention relates to an optical network, an optical network element,an optical line termination, a method of configuring an opticaltransmitter in an optical network and a method of remotely setting awavelength of an optical transmitter in an optical network.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

Optical network technology is moving towards providing fibre to the homeutilizing wavelength division multiplexing (WDM). One particularsolution for fibre to the home is wavelength division multiplexedpassive optical networks (WDM-PON) in which a separate wavelengthchannel is used to communicate from the central office (CO) optical linetermination (OLT) to the optical network unit (ONU) at each home. Thisapproach creates a virtual point-to-point link between the CO and eachONU, in contrast to the point to multipoint topology of a regular PON.The WDM-PON network architecture requires that each ONU transmitsupstream on a different wavelength. Providing each ONU with a differentfixed wavelength transmitter is a costly approach and has maintenanceproblems associated with it. An alternative, more attractive, approachis to provide tunable lasers as the transmitters in each ONU. However,using tunable lasers at the ONUs faces the problem of tuning each laserto the correct wavelength for its associated channel.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

It is an object to provide an improved optical network. It is a furtherobject to provide an improved optical network element for an opticalnetwork. It is a further object to provide an improved optical linetermination for an optical network. It is a further object to provide animproved method of configuring an optical transmitter in an opticalnetwork. It is a further object to provide an improved method ofremotely setting a wavelength of an optical transmitter in an opticalnetwork.

A first aspect of the invention provides an optical network comprisingan optical network element comprising a first optical transmitter, afirst controller and an optical receiver. Said first optical transmitteris arranged to generate and transmit a first optical signal. Said firstcontroller is arranged to control said first optical transmitter togenerate and transmit said first optical signal at a wavelength selectedfrom a predetermined plurality of wavelengths. Said optical receiver isarranged to detect a second optical signal. Said optical network furthercomprises a second optical transmitter, a second controller and opticalreceiver apparatus. Said second optical transmitter is arranged togenerate and transmit said second optical signal. Said second controlleris arranged to control said second optical transmitter to generate andtransmit said second optical signal. Said optical receiver apparatus isarranged to detect an optical signal having a wavelength within areceiving wavelength band. Said first controller is arranged to controlsaid first optical transmitter to generate and transmit said firstoptical signal in response to no said second optical signal beingdetected. That is to say, during a period when said optical receiverdoes not detect any second optical signal, said controller controls saidfirst optical transmitter to generate and transmit said first opticalsignal. Said first controller is arranged to control said first opticaltransmitter to iteratively generate and transmit said first opticalsignal at different wavelengths of said plurality of wavelengths untilsaid second optical signal is detected. Said first controller thusiteratively selects wavelengths from the said first plurality ofwavelengths and controls said first optical transmitter to generate andtransmit said first optical signal at each said selected wavelength,until said second optical signal is detected. Said first controller isfurther arranged to subsequently maintain generation and transmission ofsaid first optical signal at said wavelength at which said secondoptical signal is detected. Said second controller is arranged tocontrol said second optical transmitter to generate and transmit saidsecond optical signal following detection of said first optical signalby said optical receiver apparatus. The wavelength at which said firstoptical signal is generated and transmitted is thus set to the lastselected wavelength, being the wavelength at which said first opticalsignal was detected by said optical receiver apparatus, following whichsaid second optical signal was transmitted and detected. The opticalnetwork is thus arranged to configure the wavelength of an opticaltransmitter at an optical network element based simply on detection ofthe second optical signal. The configuration of the wavelength of anoptical transmitter is thus controlled at the physical layer of thenetwork, independent of the transmission protocol, standard and bit rateused by the network. No handshake is required between the opticalnetwork element and the second optical transmitter and secondcontroller. The second optical transmitter only generates and transmitsa second optical signal following detection of the first optical signal,thereby controlling power consumption of the network.

In an embodiment, said optical receiver is provided with a first loss ofsignal alarm. Said optical receiver has a threshold optical power anddoes not detect optical signals having an optical power below saidthreshold optical power. Said loss of signal alarm is arranged togenerate a first loss of signal alarm ON signal when no said secondoptical signal is detected, being when a said second optical signal isreceived and has an optical power below said threshold optical power orwhen no second optical signal is received. Said first controller isarranged to receive said first loss of signal alarm ON signal. Saidfirst controller is arranged to cause said first optical transmitter togenerate and transmit said first optical signal in response to receivingsaid first loss of signal alarm ON signal.

In an embodiment, said first loss of signal alarm is further arranged togenerate a first loss of signal alarm OFF signal when a said secondoptical signal is detected, being when a said second optical signal isreceived and has an optical power at or above said threshold opticalpower. Said first controller is arranged to control said first opticaltransmitter to iteratively generate and transmit said first opticalsignal at different wavelengths of said plurality of wavelengths until asaid first loss of signal alarm OFF signal is received. Said firstcontroller thus iteratively selects wavelengths from the said firstplurality of wavelengths and controls said first optical transmitter togenerate and transmit said first optical signal at each said wavelength,until said second optical signal is detected and a said first loss ofsignal alarm OFF signal is detected. Said first controller is furtherarranged to subsequently maintain generation and transmission of saidfirst optical signal at said wavelength at which said first loss ofsignal alarm OFF signal is received.

In an embodiment, said optical receiver apparatus is provided with asecond loss of signal alarm. Said optical receiver apparatus has athreshold optical power and does not detect optical signals having anoptical power below said threshold optical power. Said second loss ofsignal alarm is arranged to generate a second loss of signal alarm OFFsignal when a said first optical signal is detected, being when a saidfirst optical signal is received and has an optical power at or abovesaid threshold optical power. Said second controller is arranged toreceive said second loss of signal alarm OFF signal. Said secondcontroller is arranged to control said second optical transmitter togenerate and transmit said second optical signal in response toreceiving said second loss of signal alarm OFF signal. Once said firstoptical signal is detected by said optical receiver apparatus saidsecond loss of signal alarm OFF signal is generated, and said secondoptical transmitter is then controlled to generate and transmit saidsecond optical signal.

In an embodiment, said second loss of signal alarm is further arrangedto generate a second loss of signal alarm ON signal when no said firstoptical signal is detected, being when a said first optical signal isreceived and has an optical power below said threshold optical power orwhen no said first optical signal is received.

Loss of signal alarms are widely provided at optical receivers inoptical networks. Utilising loss of signal alarms at the opticalreceiver and the optical receiver apparatus thus enables the opticalnetwork to detect the first and second optical signals without requiringthe provision of dedicated additional hardware.

In an embodiment, said optical receiver apparatus comprises an opticaldetector coupled to an output port of a wavelength selective router.Said router is arranged to transmit an optical signal having awavelength within said receiving wavelength band to said opticaldetector and to substantially block an optical signal having awavelength outside said receiving wavelength band. The optical networkis thus arranged to configure the wavelength of the first opticaltransmitter according to the output port to which the optical detectoris coupled. In an embodiment, said wavelength selective router comprisesa wavelength division multiplexer/demultiplexer. In an embodiment, saidreceiving wavelength band covers a spectral range which includes thewavelength of only one channel on a wavelength division multiplexedchannel grid, and thus only one channel within said optical network. Theoptical network is thus arranged to configure the wavelength of thefirst optical transmitter to the wavelength channel of the output portto which the optical detector is coupled.

In an embodiment, said wavelength division multiplexer/demultiplexercomprises an arrayed waveguide grating. Said output port is arranged totransmit an optical signal having a wavelength within said receivingwavelength band. Optical signals having a wavelength outside saidreceiving wavelength band are substantially attenuated. In anembodiment, said arrayed waveguide grating comprises a cyclic arrayedwaveguide grating.

In an embodiment, said optical detector has a sensitivity thresholdwhich is higher than a maximum adjacent crosstalk of said output port.Optical signals resulting from cross-talk from other output ports of thearrayed waveguide grating are therefore not detected. In an embodiment,said first optical transmitter is arranged to generate and transmit afirst optical signal having an optical power which is not greater than adifference between said sensitivity threshold and an attenuationexperienced by said first optical signal. This ensures that the secondoptical signal will only be detected when its wavelength falls withinthe receiving wavelength band. Said optical detector therefore will notdetect an optical signal outside said receiving wavelength band and willnot detect crosstalk optical signals at a wavelength within saidreceiving wavelength band which are being routed to a different outputport.

In an embodiment, said first optical transmitter comprises a wavelengthtunable optical source, such as a wavelength tunable laser.

In an embodiment, said first controller is further arranged to controlsaid first optical transmitter to generate and transmit said firstoptical signal in response to a control signal. Generation andtransmission of said first optical signal can thus be controlled tocommence following receipt of a control signal, if no second opticalsignal is detected.

In an embodiment, said second optical transmitter comprises an opticalsource having a substantially fixed operating wavelength. In analternative embodiment, said second optical transmitter comprises awavelength tuneable optical source, such as a wavelength tuneable laser.In an embodiment, a wavelength of said tuneable optical source isselected from a second predetermined plurality of wavelengths. In anembodiment, said second controller is arranged to provide said secondpredetermined plurality of wavelengths within a look-up table or look-uplist from which said wavelength is selected. In an embodiment, saidfirst predetermined plurality of wavelengths comprises wavelengthswithin a first wavelength band and said second predetermined pluralityof wavelengths comprises wavelengths within a second wavelength band.Said second wavelength band is spaced from said first wavelength band.

In an embodiment, said optical receiver comprises a wideband opticalreceiver.

In an embodiment, said optical network comprises a plurality of saidoptical network elements, a said plurality of second opticaltransmitters, and a said plurality of said optical detectors. Saidwavelength selective router has a plurality of output ports and saidoptical detectors are each coupled to a respective said port. Each saidoutput port is arranged to transmit an optical signal having awavelength within a different receiving wavelength band. Each saidoptical detector is thus arranged to detect an optical signal having awavelength within a different channel of the network.

In an embodiment, said plurality of said optical network elements areconnected to said wavelength selective router via a second wavelengthselective router each said optical network element being connected to adifferent one of a plurality of input ports. In an embodiment, saidsecond wavelength selective router comprises a wavelength divisionmultiplexer/demultiplexer, each said optical network element beingconnected to a different one of a plurality of input/output ports ofsaid wavelength division multiplexer/demultiplexer. In an embodiment,said wavelength division multiplexer comprises an arrayed waveguidegrating. The optical network is thus arranged to configure thewavelength of each said first optical transmitter according to therespective said input/output port of said wavelength divisionmultiplexer/demultiplexer to which said first optical transmitter iscoupled, and thus according to the channel of the network to which eachsaid first optical transmitter is allocated.

In an embodiment, said arrayed waveguide grating comprises a cyclicarrayed waveguide grating.

In an embodiment, said second predetermined plurality of wavelengthscomprises a different wavelength associated with each said output port.Said wavelength for the or each said second optical transmitter is thusset according to which said output port said second optical transmitteris coupled to.

In an embodiment, said optical network further comprises an optical linkprovided between the or each said optical network element and saidwavelength selective router, and the or each said optical networkelement is located remotely from the or each said optical detector. Inan embodiment, said wavelength division multiplexer/demultiplexer islocated remotely from said wavelength selective router.

A second aspect of the invention provides an optical network elementcomprising an optical transmitter, a controller and an optical receiver.Said optical transmitter is arranged to generate and transmit a firstoptical signal. Said controller is arranged to control said opticaltransmitter to generate and transmit said first optical signal at awavelength selected from a predetermined plurality of wavelengths. Saidoptical receiver is arranged to detect a second optical signal. Saidcontroller is arranged to control said optical transmitter to generateand transmit said first optical signal in response to no said secondoptical signal being detected. That is to say, during a period when saidoptical receiver does not detect any second optical signal, saidcontroller controls said optical transmitter to generate and transmitsaid first optical signal. Said controller is arranged to control saidoptical transmitter to iteratively generate and transmit said firstoptical signal format different wavelengths of said plurality ofwavelengths until said second optical signal is detected. Saidcontroller thus iteratively selects wavelengths from the said pluralityof wavelengths and causes said optical transmitter to generate andtransmit said first optical signal at each said wavelength, until saidsecond optical signal is detected. Said controller is further arrangedto subsequently maintain generation and transmission of said firstoptical signal at said wavelength at which said second optical signal isdetected.

The optical network element is thus arranged to configure the wavelengthof the optical transmitter at an optical network element based simply ondetection of the second optical signal. The configuration of thewavelength of the optical transmitter can thus controlled at thephysical layer of an optical network in which the optical networkelement is provided, independent of the transmission protocol, standardand bit rate used by the network.

In an embodiment, said optical receiver is provided with a first loss ofsignal alarm. Said optical receiver has a threshold optical power anddoes not detect optical signals having an optical power below saidthreshold optical power. Said loss of signal alarm is arranged togenerate a first loss of signal alarm ON signal when no said secondoptical signal is detected, being when a said second optical signal isreceived and has an optical power below said threshold optical power orwhen no second optical signal is detected. Said controller is arrangedto receive said loss of signal alarm ON signal. Said controller isarranged to cause said optical transmitter to generate and transmit saidfirst optical signal in response to receiving said loss of signal alarmON signal.

In an embodiment, said first loss of signal alarm is further arranged togenerate a first loss of signal alarm OFF signal when a said secondoptical signal is detected, being when a said second optical signal isreceived and has an optical power at or above said threshold opticalpower. Said controller is arranged to control said optical transmitterto iteratively generate and transmit said first optical signal atdifferent wavelengths of said plurality of wavelengths until a saidfirst loss of signal alarm OFF signal is received. Said controller thusiteratively selects wavelengths from the said first plurality ofwavelengths and controls said optical transmitter to generate andtransmit said first optical signal at each said wavelength, until saidsecond optical signal is detected and a said first loss of signal alarmOFF signal is detected. Said controller is further arranged tosubsequently maintain generation and transmission of said first opticalsignal at said wavelength at which said loss of signal alarm OFF signalis received.

Loss of signal alarms are widely provided at optical receivers.Utilising a loss of signal alarm at the optical receiver thus enablesthe optical network element to detect the second optical signal withoutrequiring the provision of dedicated additional hardware.

In an embodiment, said optical transmitter comprises a wavelengthtunable optical source, such as a wavelength tunable laser.

In an embodiment, said controller is further arranged to control saidoptical transmitter to generate and transmit said first optical signalin response to a control signal. Generation and transmission of saidfirst optical signal thus commences following receipt of a controlsignal, if no second optical signal is detected.

In an embodiment, said optical receiver comprises a wideband opticalreceiver.

A third aspect of the invention provides an optical line terminationcomprising an optical transmitter, a controller and optical receiverapparatus. Said optical transmitter is arranged to generate and transmita first optical signal. Said optical receiver apparatus is arranged todetect a second optical signal having a wavelength within a receivingwavelength band. Said controller is arranged to control said opticaltransmitter to generate and transmit said first optical signal followingdetection of said second optical signal by said optical receiverapparatus.

The optical line termination is thus arranged to control generation andtransmission of the first optical signal based simply on detection ofthe second optical signal. The operation of the optical transmitter canthus controlled at the physical layer of a network in which the opticalline termination is provided, independent of the transmission protocol,standard and bit rate used by the network. The optical transmitter onlygenerates and transmits a first optical signal following detection ofthe second optical signal, thereby controlling power consumption of theoptical line termination.

In an embodiment, said optical receiver apparatus is provided with aloss of signal alarm. Said optical receiver apparatus has a thresholdoptical power and does not detect optical signals having an opticalpower below said threshold optical power. Said loss of signal alarm isarranged to generate a loss of signal alarm OFF signal when a saidsecond optical signal is detected, being when a said second opticalsignal is received and has an optical power at or above said thresholdoptical power. Said controller is arranged to receive said loss ofsignal alarm OFF signal. Said controller is arranged to control saidoptical transmitter to generate and transmit said first optical signalin response to receiving said loss of signal alarm OFF signal. Once saidsecond optical signal is detected by said optical receiver apparatussaid second loss of signal alarm OFF signal is generated, and saidoptical transmitter is then controlled to generate and transmit saidfirst optical signal.

In an embodiment, said loss of signal alarm is further arranged togenerate a loss of signal alarm ON signal when no said second opticalsignal is detected, being when a said second optical signal is receivedand has an optical power below said threshold optical power or when nosaid second optical signal is received.

In an embodiment, said optical receiver apparatus comprises an opticaldetector coupled to an output port of a wavelength selective router.Said router is arranged to transmit an optical signal having awavelength within said receiving wavelength band to said opticaldetector and to substantially block an optical signal having awavelength outside said receiving wavelength band. In an embodiment,said wavelength selective router comprises a wavelength divisionmultiplexer/demultiplexer.

In an embodiment, said wavelength division multiplexer/demultiplexercomprises an arrayed waveguide grating. Said output port is arranged totransmit an optical signal having a wavelength within said receivingwavelength band. Optical signals having a wavelength outside saidreceiving wavelength band are substantially attenuated. In anembodiment, said arrayed waveguide grating comprises a cyclic arrayedwaveguide grating.

In an embodiment, said optical detector has a sensitivity thresholdwhich is higher than a maximum adjacent crosstalk of said output port.Optical signals resulting from cross-talk from other output ports of thearrayed waveguide grating are therefore not detected. Said opticaldetector therefore will not detect a said second optical signal outsidesaid receiving wavelength band and will not detect crosstalk opticalsignals at a wavelength within said receiving wavelength band which arebeing routed to a different output port.

In an embodiment, said optical transmitter comprises an optical sourcehaving a substantially fixed operating wavelength. In an alternativeembodiment, said optical transmitter comprises a wavelength tuneableoptical source, such as a wavelength tuneable laser. In an embodiment, awavelength of said tuneable optical source is selected from apredetermined plurality of wavelengths. In an embodiment, saidcontroller is arranged to provide said predetermined plurality ofwavelengths within a look-up table or look-up list from which saidwavelength is selected.

A fourth aspect of the invention provides a method of configuring anoptical transmitter in an optical network. The method comprises, at afirst network location, determining whether a first optical signal ispresent and has a wavelength within a receiving wavelength band. Whensaid first optical signal is present and has a wavelength within saidreceiving wavelength band, the method comprises generating andtransmitting a second optical signal. The method further comprises, at asecond network location, at which said optical transmitter is located,iteratively generating and transmitting said first optical signal atdifferent wavelengths of a predetermined plurality of wavelengths untilsaid second optical signal is determined to be present. Therefore,during a period when said second optical signal is determined to beabsent, said first optical signal is iteratively generated andtransmitted at different wavelengths selected from said plurality ofwavelengths. When said second optical signal is determined to bepresent, said method comprises subsequently maintaining generation andtransmission of said first optical signal at said wavelength at whichsaid second optical signal is so determined to be present. A presence ofsaid second optical signal thus causes the iterative generation andtransmission of said first optical signal at different wavelengths ofsaid predetermined plurality of wavelengths to halt.

The method thereby configures the wavelength of an optical transmitterat an optical network element based simply on detection of the secondoptical signal. The configuration of the wavelength of an opticaltransmitter is thus controlled just utilizing the physical layer of thenetwork in which the method is used, independent of the transmissionprotocol, standard and bit rate used by the network. No handshake isrequired between the optical network element and the second opticaltransmitter and second controller. The method ensures that the secondoptical transmitter only generates and transmits a second optical signalfollowing detection of the first optical signal, thereby controllingpower consumption of the network in which the method is applied.

In an embodiment, said step of determining whether said first opticalsignal is present and has a wavelength within said receiving wavelengthband comprises receiving a first loss of signal alarm signal anddetermining whether said first loss of signal alarm signal is a loss ofsignal alarm OFF signal indicative that said first optical signal ispresent, being when a said first optical signal is received and has anoptical power at or above a threshold optical power. In an embodiment,said step of determining whether said second optical signal is presentcomprises receiving a second loss of signal alarm signal and determiningwhether said second loss of signal alarm signal is a loss of signalalarm ON signal indicative that said second optical signal is notpresent. In an embodiment, said step of determining whether said secondoptical signal is present comprises determining whether said second lossof signal alarm signal is a loss of signal alarm OFF signal indicativethat said second optical signal is present. Said loss of signal alarmsignal can thus indicate that a second loss of signal alarm is in an ONcondition or in an OFF condition, depending on whether said secondoptical signal is present or is absent.

The method thus enables the optical network element to detect the secondoptical signal without requiring the provision of dedicated additionalhardware, since loss of signal alarms are widely provided within opticalreceivers.

In an embodiment, said first optical signal is determined as beingpresent if said first optical signal is received and has an opticalpower equal to or greater than a detector sensitivity threshold.

In an embodiment, said second optical signal has an optical power whichis not greater than the difference between said detector sensitivitythreshold and an attenuation experienced by said second optical signalon transmission across said network.

A fifth aspect of the invention provides a method of remotely setting awavelength of an optical transmitter in an optical network. The methodcomprises, at a location remote from said optical transmitter,determining whether a first optical signal generated by said opticaltransmitter is present and has a wavelength within a receivingwavelength band. The method further comprises, when said first opticalsignal is present and has a wavelength within said receiving wavelengthband, generating and transmitting a second optical signal.

The method thereby remotely sets the wavelength of an opticaltransmitter in an optical network based simply on detection of thepresence of the second optical signal. Setting the wavelength of anoptical transmitter is thus controlled just utilizing the physical layerof the network in which the method is applied, independent of thetransmission protocol, standard and bit rate used by the network. Themethod ensures that the optical transmitter only generates and transmitsa second optical signal following detection of the first optical signal,thereby controlling power consumption of the network in which the methodis applied.

In an embodiment, said step of determining whether said first opticalsignal is present and has a wavelength within said receiving wavelengthband comprises receiving a loss of signal alarm OFF signal indicativethat said first optical signal is received and has an optical power ator above a threshold optical power.

In an embodiment, said first optical signal is determined as beingpresent if said first optical signal has an optical power equal to orgreater than a detector sensitivity threshold.

A sixth aspect of the invention provides a method of remotely setting awavelength of an optical transmitter in an optical network. The methodcomprises at said optical transmitter, iteratively generating andtransmitting a first optical signal at different wavelengths of apredetermined plurality of wavelengths until a second optical signal isdetermined to be present. Said second optical signal is received from alocation remote from said optical transmitter. When said second opticalsignal is determined to be present, said method comprises subsequentlymaintaining generation and transmission of said first optical signal atsaid wavelength at which said second optical signal is so determined tobe present. A presence of said second optical signal thus causes theiterative generation and transmission of said first optical signal atdifferent wavelengths of said predetermined plurality of wavelengths tohalt.

The method thereby remotely sets the wavelength of an opticaltransmitter in an optical network based simply on detection of thepresence of the second optical signal. Setting the wavelength of anoptical transmitter can thus be controlled just utilizing the physicallayer of the network in which the method is used, independent of thetransmission protocol, standard and bit rate used by the network.

In an embodiment, said step of determining whether said second opticalsignal is present comprises receiving a loss of signal alarm signal anddetermining whether said loss of signal alarm signal is a loss of signalalarm ON signal indicative that said second optical signal is notpresent. In an embodiment, said step of determining whether said secondoptical signal is present comprises determining whether said loss ofsignal alarm signal comprises a loss of signal alarm OFF signalindicative that said second optical signal is present. A seventh aspectof the invention provides a data carrier having computer readableinstructions embodied therein. The said computer readable instructionsare for providing access to resources available on a processor. Thecomputer readable instructions comprise instructions to cause theprocessor to perform any of the above steps of the method of remotelysetting a wavelength of an optical transmitter in an optical network.

An eighth aspect of the invention provides a data carrier havingcomputer readable instructions embodied therein. The said computerreadable instructions are for providing access to resources available ona processor. The computer readable instructions comprise instructions tocause the processor to perform any of the above steps of the method ofconfiguring an optical transmitter in an optical network.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 is a schematic representation of an optical network according toa first embodiment of the invention;

FIG. 2 is a schematic representation of an optical network according toa second embodiment of the invention;

FIG. 3 is a schematic representation of an optical network according toa third embodiment of the invention;

FIG. 4 is a schematic representation of a cyclic arrayed waveguidegrating of the optical network of FIG. 3;

FIG. 5 is a schematic representation of the cyclic arrayed waveguidegratings and optical link of FIG. 3;

FIG. 6 is a schematic representation of an optical network elementaccording to a fourth embodiment of the invention;

FIG. 7 is a schematic representation of an optical line terminationaccording to a fifth embodiment of the invention;

FIG. 8 is a flow chart of the steps of a method of setting a wavelengthof an optical transmitter in an optical network according to a sixthembodiment of the invention;

FIG. 9 is a flow chart of the steps of a method of setting a wavelengthof an optical transmitter in an optical network according to a sixthembodiment of the invention;

FIG. 10 is a flow chart of the steps of a method of setting a wavelengthof an optical transmitter in an optical network according to a seventhembodiment of the invention; and

FIG. 11 is a flow chart of the steps of a method of remotely setting awavelength of an optical transmitter in an optical network according toan eighth embodiment of the invention.

DESCRIPTION OF EMBODIMENTS OF THE INVENTION

Referring to FIG. 1, a first embodiment of the invention provides anoptical network 10 comprising an optical network element 12. The opticalnetwork element 12 comprises a first optical transmitter 14, a firstcontroller 16 and an optical receiver 18.

The optical network element 12 will typically be connected to an opticallink 30, which is shown for reasons of clarity but which does not formpart of this embodiment of the invention. The optical network element 12further comprises a band-split filter 20 by which the optical link 30 iscoupled to the first optical transmitter 14 and to the optical receiver18.

The first optical transmitter 14 is arranged to generate and transmit afirst optical signal. The first controller 16 is arranged to control thefirst optical transmitter 14 to generate and transmit the first opticalsignal at a wavelength selected from a pre-determined plurality ofwavelengths, being the wavelengths of channels of the optical network10. The optical receiver 18 is arranged to detect a second opticalsignal.

The optical network 10 further comprises a second optical transmitter22, a second controller 24 and optical receiver apparatus 26. A secondband-split filter 28 is provided to couple the optical link 30 to thesecond optical transmitter 22 and the optical receiver apparatus 26.

The second optical transmitter 22 is arranged to generate and transmit asecond optical signal. The second controller 24 is arranged to controlthe second optical transmitter to generate and transmit the secondoptical signal. The optical receiver apparatus 26 is arranged to detectan optical signal having a wavelength within a receiving wavelengthband. The receiving wavelength band covers a pre-determined range ofwavelengths and typically will include the wavelengths of only onechannel of the optical network 10. The second controller 26 is arrangedto control the second optical transmitter 22 to generate and transmitthe second optical signal following detection of the first opticalsignal by the optical receiver apparatus 26.

The first controller 16 is arranged to control the first opticaltransmitter 14 to generate and transmit the first optical signal inresponse no second optical signal being detected. That is to say, thefirst controller 16 controls the first optical transmitter 14 togenerate and transmit the first optical signal when no second opticalsignal is detected by the optical receiver 18. The first controller 16is arranged to iteratively generate and transmit the first opticalsignal at different wavelengths of the plurality of wavelengths untilthe second optical signal is detected at the optical receiver 18. Duringa period where the second optical signal is not detected at the opticalreceiver 18, the first controller 16 therefore controls the firstoptical transmitter 14 to generate and transmit a first optical signalat a first wavelength of the pre-determined plurality of wavelengths.The first optical transmitter 14 continues to generate and transmit thefirst optical signal at the first selected wavelength for a time periodlong enough to allow the first optical signal to be transmitted acrossthe optical link 30 to the optical receiver apparatus 26, and for anyresulting second optical signal to be generated and transmitted by thesecond optical transmitter 22 and transmitted back across the opticallink 30 to the optical network element 12 and the optical detector 18.If the wavelength of the first optical signal does not fall within thereceiving wavelength band of the optical receiver apparatus 26, thefirst optical signal is not detected by the optical receiver apparatus26.

If the first optical signal is not detected by the optical receiverapparatus 26, the second controller 24 will not control the secondoptical transmitter 22 to generate and transmit the second opticalsignal. Therefore, a second optical signal will not be detected by theoptical receiver 18. Following the lapse of the required time period forupstream transmission of the first optical signal and downstreamtransmission of any resulting second optical signal, if the secondoptical signal is not detected by the optical receiver 18 then the firstcontroller 16 controls the first optical transmitter 14 to generate andtransmit the first optical signal at a second wavelength of thepre-determined plurality of wavelengths. The first controller 16iteratively controls the first optical transmitter 14 to generate andtransmit the first optical signal at different ones of thepre-determined plurality of wavelengths until the second optical signalis detected.

The first controller 16 is further arranged to subsequently maintaingeneration and transmission of the first optical signal at thewavelength at which the second optical signal is ultimately detected.

The optical network 10 is thus arranged to configure the wavelength ofthe first optical transmitter 14 by iteratively generating andtransmitting at each of a pre-determined plurality of wavelengths to seeif they fall within the receiving wavelength band of the opticalreceiver apparatus 26, and when the “correct” wavelength is reached forthe first optical signal the second controller 24 controls the secondoptical transmitter 22 to generate and transmit the second opticalsignal. Detection of the second optical signal by the optical receiver18 causes the first controller 16 to maintain generation andtransmission of the first optical signal at the last attemptedwavelength.

The optical network 10 is thus arranged to configure the wavelength ofthe first optical transmitter 14 based simply on detection of the secondoptical signal, which only occurs when the first optical signal is ofthe correct wavelength and is detected by the optical receiver apparatus26. The configuration of the wavelength of the first optical transmitter14 is thus controlled at the physical layer of the network 10, and isindependent of the transmission protocol, standard and bit rate used bythe network 10. No handshake is required between the optical networkelement 12 and the second controller 24 or second optical transmitter22. The optical network 10 also provides the advantage that the secondoptical transmitter 22 only generates and transmits a second opticalsignal following detection of the first optical signal, and willtherefore also not transmit a second optical signal if the first opticaltransmitter 14 is off and is not transmitting, thereby controlling powerconsumption of the optical network 10.

A second embodiment of the invention, shown in FIG. 2, provides anoptical network 40 which is substantially the same as the opticalnetwork 10 of the previous embodiment, with the following modifications.The same reference numbers are retained for corresponding features.

In this embodiment, the optical receiver apparatus 42 comprises anoptical detector 44 coupled to an output port 46 of a wavelengthselective router 48. The output port 46 is coupled to the opticaldetector 44 via the band-split filter 28. The wavelength selectiverouter 48 is coupled, on its input side, to the optical link 30. Asbefore, the optical link 30 is shown only for clarity and does not formpart of this embodiment.

The first optical transmitter 14 comprises a wavelength tuneable laserand the second optical transmitter 22 comprises a fixed wavelengthlaser. Each of the optical receiver 18 and the optical detector 44comprise wide band photodetectors.

In this example, the wavelength selective router 48 comprises an arrayedwaveguide grating (AWG). As will be well known to the person skilled inthe art, AWGs experience some cross-talk between their variouschannels/ports caused by optical signals on one channel leaking intoadjacent channels, and thus arriving at the wrong output port of theAWG. Although AWGs are able to almost completely cancel out of bandwavelengths, being wavelengths outside the receiving wavelength band ofa particular channel, some cross-talk will nevertheless exist betweenchannels of an AWG. In this example, the AWG 48 is designed to have amaximum adjacent cross-talk of −31 db, i.e. a cross-talk signal or asignal at the wrong wavelength for a channel will experience anattenuation of −31 db on transmission through the AWG, so the maximumcross-talk power of an optical signal leaking from one channel to anadjacent channel will be −31 db of its in channel power. The output port46 of the AWG 48 is arranged to transmit an optical signal having awavelength within a receiving wavelength band of the optical detector44. That is to say, the output port 46 is arranged to transmitwavelengths corresponding to a single channel of a WDM grid, being asingle channel of the optical network 40.

The optical detector 44 has a sensitivity threshold, being a minimumoptical power below which the optical detector 44 will not detectreceived optical signals. In this example the sensitivity threshold ofthe optical detector 44 is −28 dBm. The sensitivity of the opticaldetector 44 is selected to be higher than the maximum adjacentcross-talk power of the output port 46, which in this example wouldtypically be approximately −60 dBm, so that even where cross-talksignals do appear at the output port 46, the detector 44 will not detectthese signals. This ensures that the detector 44 only detects a secondoptical signal of the correct wavelength, i.e. one falling within thereceiving wavelength band of the optical detector 44.

In this embodiment, the optical receiver 18 is provided with a firstloss of signal alarm. The optical receiver 18 has a threshold opticalpower (sensitivity threshold) below which it does not detect opticalsignals. The loss of signal alarm is arranged to generate a first lossof signal alarm ON signal 32 when no second optical signal is detected.That is to say, when a second optical signal is received but has anoptical power below the sensitivity threshold of the optical receiver,or when no second optical signal is received at the optical receiver 18.The first controller 16 is arranged to receive the first loss of signalalarm ON signal 32 and is arranged to control the first opticaltransmitter 14 to generate and transmit the first optical signal inresponse to receiving the first loss of signal alarm ON signal 32. Thefirst loss of signal alarm is further arranged to generate a first lossof signal alarm OFF signal 32 when a second optical signal is detected,being when a second optical signal is received and has an optical powerat or above the sensitivity threshold of the optical receiver 18.

In this embodiment, the first controller 16 is arranged to control thefirst optical transmitter 14 to iteratively generate and transmit thefirst optical signal at different wavelengths of the plurality ofwavelengths until the first loss of signal alarm OFF signal is received.The first controller 16 is arranged to subsequently maintain generationand transmission of the first optical signal at the wavelength at whichthe first loss of signal alarm OFF signal 32 is received.

It will be appreciated that the first controller 16 applies a time delaybetween each iterative generation and transmission of the first opticalsignal, to allow time for any resulting second optical signal to betransmitted across the optical link 30 and to be detected by the opticalreceiver 18.

The optical detector 44 is provided with the second loss of signalalarm. The second loss of signal alarm is arranged to generate a secondloss of signal alarm OFF signal 34 when the first optical signal isdetected. That is to say, when the first optical signal is received atthe optical detector 44 and has an optical power at or above thesensitivity threshold of the optical detector 44. The second controller24 is arranged to receive the second loss of signal alarm OFF signal 34and to control the second optical transmitter 22 to generate andtransmit the second optical signal in response to receiving the secondloss of signal alarm OFF signal.

In this example, the first optical transmitter 14 is arranged togenerate and transmit a first optical signal having an optical powerwhich is not greater than a difference between the sensitivity thresholdof the optical detector 44 and the attenuation experienced by the firstoptical signal on upstream transmission. In this example the firstoptical signal has an optical power of 3 dBm. Attenuation (typically upto −30 db) on transmission across the optical link 30 will result in thefirst optical signal having an optical power of less than 3 dBm butgreater than −28 dBm at the optical detector 44, which is higher thanthe sensitivity threshold and so the first optical signal is detected ifit falls within the receiving wavelength band of the output port 46 ofthe AWG 48. If the first optical signal has a wavelength outside thereceiving wavelength band, the first optical signal will experienceattenuation of −31 dB on transmission through the AWG 48 and willtherefore have an optical power lower than the −28 dBm sensitivitythreshold of the optical detector 44.

Referring to FIG. 3, a third embodiment of the invention provides anoptical network 50 which is substantially the same as the opticalnetwork 40 of the previous embodiment, with the following modifications.The same reference numbers are retained for corresponding features.

In this embodiment, the optical network 50 comprises a plurality ofoptical network elements 12, each coupled to the optical link 30 via asecond wavelength selective router 54, which in this example comprises asecond AWG. Each optical network element 12 is connected to a respectiveoutput port 56 a, 56 b, 56 c of the AWG 54.

As shown in FIG. 4, the AWG 54 is a cyclic AWG, a first wavelengthrange, λ1, λ2 to λN being used for downstream optical signals, i.e. theoptical signals from the respective second optical transmitters 22, anda second wavelength range, λN+1 to λ2N, being used for upstream opticalsignals, namely the first optical signals. The two wavelength ranges areseparated by the free spectral range (FSR) of the AWG 54. The AWG 48 issimilarly a cyclic AWG.

The optical network 50 further comprises a plurality of optical lineterminations 52, each comprising a second optical transmitter 22, secondcontroller 24, optical detector 44 and band-split filter 28, asdescribed above in FIG. 2. Each OLT 52 is coupled to a respective inputport 46 a, 46 b, 46 c of the AWG 48.

The optical detector 44 of each OLT 52 has a receiving wavelength bandcovering a different range of wavelengths, so that each optical detector44, and thus each OLT 52, is arranged to detect first optical signalsrelating to a different channel of the optical network 50.

The operation of the optical network elements 12 is as described above,with each first optical transmitter 14 iteratively generating andtransmitting first optical signals until they are detected by therespective optical detector 44 of their respective OLT 52, causing therespective second optical transmitter 22 to generate and transmit arespective second optical signal, as described above.

As shown in FIG. 5, a first optical signal (S) having, for example a redwavelength and an optical power of 3 dBm, incorrectly routed through afirst, for example blue, port 56 a of the AWG 56 will suffer anattenuation of −31 dB on transmission through the AWG 56. Including someattenuation on transmission across the optical link 30, this results inthe optical signal having an optical power of below −28 dBm at an outputport 46 d at the AWG 48, being a red port, i.e. when the optical signalis of the correct wavelength for that output port 46 d. This is belowthe sensitivity threshold of the detector 44 at the port 46 d and sowill not be detected. Any cross-talk optical signal arriving at a blueport, say 46 a, will experience a further −31 dB of attenuation ontransmission through the AWG 46 due to it being of the incorrectwavelength for that port, resulting in an output power of −59 dBm orlower. If the second optical signal (S) was instead routed through a redport, 54 d, of the AWG 54 it will not experience any attenuation ontransmission through the AWG 54. On transmission through the AWG 46 tothe red port 46 d it will similarly experience no attenuation, so willhave an optical power of 3 dBm less the attenuation caused bytransmission across the optical link 30. Any cross-talk optical signalarriving at the blue port 46 a of the AWG 46 will experience −31 dB ofattenuation on transmission through the AWG 46 plus attenuation acrossthe optical link 30 and will have a resulting optical power of less than−28 dBm. A red second optical signal routed through red ports 54 d, 46 dwill therefore arrive at the optical detector 44 having a power of 3 dBm(less any power loss due to attenuation across the optical link 30) andwill thereby be detected by the optical detector 44 at its intendedoutput port and will not be detected at an optical detector 44 at anyother output port. The optical link 30 can have up to −30 dB, whichwould result in an optical power of −27 dBm for a red second opticalsignal routed via red port 54 d, 46 d, without affecting the operationof the optical network 50.

A fourth embodiment of the invention provides an optical network element60, as shown in FIG. 6. The optical network element 60 comprises anoptical transmitter 62, a controller 64, an optical receiver 66 and aband-split filter 68.

The optical transmitter 62 is arranged to generate and transmit a firstoptical signal 70. The controller 64 is arranged to control the opticaltransmitter to generate and transmit the first optical signal at awavelength selected from a pre-determined plurality of wavelengths. Thewavelengths correspond to the wavelengths of optical channels of anoptical network in which the optical network element 60 is intended tobe incorporated.

The optical receiver 66 is arranged to detect a second optical signal72, routed to the optical receiver 66 via the band-split filter 68.

The controller 64 is arranged to control the optical transmitter 62 togenerate and transmit the first optical signal 70 in response to nosecond optical signal being detected. The controller 64 is arranged tocontrol the optical transmitter 62 to iteratively generate and transmitthe first optical signal at different wavelengths of the plurality ofwavelengths until the second optical signal is detected. The controller64 is arranged to subsequently maintain generation and transmission ofthe first optical signal at the wavelength at which the second opticalsignal 72 is detected.

The controller 64 is arranged to control the optical transmitter 62 togenerate and transmit the first optical signal in response to no secondoptical signal being detected. That is to say, the controller 64controls the first optical transmitter 62 to generate and transmit thefirst optical signal when no second optical signal is detected by theoptical receiver 66. The controller 64 is arranged to iterativelygenerate and transmit the first optical signal at different wavelengthsof the plurality of wavelengths until the second optical signal isdetected at the optical receiver 66. During a period where the secondoptical signal is not detected at the optical receiver 66, thecontroller 64 therefore controls the optical transmitter 62 to generateand transmit a first optical signal at a first wavelength of thepre-determined plurality of wavelengths. The optical transmitter 62continues to generate and transmit the first optical signal at the firstselected wavelength for a time period long enough to allow a secondoptical signal to be received at the optical detector 66.

Following the lapse of the required time period, if a second opticalsignal is not detected by the optical receiver 66 then the controller 64controls the optical transmitter 62 to generate and transmit the firstoptical signal at a second wavelength of the pre-determined plurality ofwavelengths. The controller 64 iteratively controls the opticaltransmitter 62 to generate and transmit the first optical signal atdifferent ones of the pre-determined plurality of wavelengths until asecond optical signal is detected.

The controller 64 is further arranged to subsequently maintaingeneration and transmission of the first optical signal at thewavelength at which the second optical signal is ultimately detected.

The optical network element 60 is thus arranged to configure thewavelength of the optical transmitter 62 by iteratively generating andtransmitting at each of a pre-determined plurality of wavelengths untila second optical signal is detected. Detection of the second opticalsignal by the optical receiver 66 causes the controller 64 to maintaingeneration and transmission of the first optical signal at the lastattempted wavelength.

The optical network element 60 is thus arranged to configure thewavelength of the optical transmitter 62 based simply on the detectionof the second optical signal. The configuration of the wavelength of theoptical transmitter 62 can thus be controlled at the physical layer ofan optical network in which the optical network element 60 isincorporated, and is independent of the transmission protocol, standardand bit rate used by the network.

Referring to FIG. 7, a fifth embodiment of the invention provides anoptical line termination (OLT) 80 comprising an optical transmitter 82,a controller 86, optical receiver apparatus 88 and a band-split filter92.

The optical transmitter 82 is arranged to generate and transmit a firstoptical signal 84. The optical receiver apparatus 88 is arranged todetect a second optical signal 90 having a wavelength within a receivingwavelength band. The controller 86 is arranged to control the opticaltransmitter to generate and transmit the first optical signal followingdetection of the second optical signal by the optical receiver apparatus88.

The receiving wavelength band of the optical receiver apparatus 88covers a pre-determined range of wavelengths and typically will includethe wavelengths of a single channel of an optical network in which theOLT 80 is intended to be incorporated.

The optical transmitter 82 will only generate and transmit the secondoptical signal following detection of the first optical signal, therebycontrolling power consumption of the OLT 80.

A sixth embodiment of the invention provides a method 100 of configuringan optical transmitter in an optical network, as illustrated in themethod steps of FIG. 8. The method 100 is suitable for use with any ofthe optical networks 10, 40, 50 described above.

The method comprises, at a first network location, A, determiningwhether a first optical signal is present and has a wavelength within areceiving wavelength band 102. If a first optical signal is present andhas a wavelength within the receiving wavelength band 102, the methodthen comprises generating and transmitting a second optical signal 104.

The method further comprises, at a second network location, B, at whichthe optical transmitter to be configured is located, iterativelygenerating and transmitting the first optical signal at differentwavelengths of a pre-determined plurality of wavelengths until thesecond optical signal is determined to be present. In more detail, themethod comprises determining whether a second optical signal is present106, and if the second optical signal is not present 106 a, selecting awavelength from a pre-determined plurality of wavelengths 108 andgenerating and transmitting a first optical signal at the selectedwavelength 110. Following generation and transmission of the firstoptical signal, the method further comprises allowing a suitable timedelay to elapse to allow transmission of the first optical signal andreceipt of any resulting second optical signal, and determining whethera second optical signal is present 114. If a second optical signal ispresent 114 a, the method then comprises maintaining generation andtransmission of the first optical signal at the selected wavelength 116.If the second optical signal is not present 114 b, the method comprisesselecting a different wavelength from the pre-determined plurality ofwavelengths 118, and generating and transmitting the first opticalsignal at the next selected wavelength 110. Again, following elapse ofthe required delay, the method then comprises determining whether asecond optical signal is present 114. The steps of determining whether asecond optical signal is present 114, selecting a different wavelength118 and generating and transmitting the first optical signal 110 arerepeated until a second optical signal is determined to be present 114a.

Referring to FIG. 9, a seventh embodiment of the invention provides amethod 120 of configuring an optical transmitter in an optical network.The method 120 is substantially the same as the method 100 of theprevious embodiment, with the following modifications. The samereference numbers are retained for corresponding steps.

The method 120 comprises, at a first location, A, receiving a first lossof signal alarm signal 122 and determining whether the loss of signalalarm is a loss of signal alarm OFF signal 124 indicative that a firstoptical signal is present, i.e. that a first optical signal is detected.If the loss of signal alarm signal is a loss of signal alarm OFF signal124 a the method comprises generating and transmitting a second opticalsignal 104.

The method 120 further comprises, at a second location, B, receiving asecond loss of signal alarm signal 126 and determining whether thesecond loss of signal alarm signal is a loss of signal alarm ON signal128, indicative that a second optical signal is not present, i.e. thatno second optical signal is detected. If so 128 a, the method 120comprises iteratively generating and transmitting the first opticalsignal at different wavelengths of the pre-determined plurality ofwavelengths until a loss of signal alarm signal is received which is aloss of signal alarm OFF signal 132 a, indicative that a second opticalsignal is present, i.e. that a second optical signal is detected. Themethod 120 further comprises maintaining generation and transmission ofthe first optical signal at the selected wavelength 116.

In more detail, the method 120 comprises selecting a first wavelengthfrom the pre-determined plurality of wavelengths 108 and generating andtransmitting the first optical signal at the selected wavelength 110.The method 120 further comprises receiving a second loss of signal alarmsignal 130 and determining whether it is a loss of signal alarm ONsignal or a loss of signal alarm OFF signal 132. If a loss of signalalarm ON signal is received 132 b, the method 120 comprises selecting adifferent wavelength from the pre-determined plurality of wavelengths134 and generating and transmitting the first optical signal at the newselected wavelength 110. A further second loss of signal alarm isreceived 130 and it is determined whether it is a loss of signal alarmON signal or a loss of signal alarm OFF signal 132, as described above.The steps of selecting a different wavelength 134, generating andtransmitting a first optical signal 110, receiving a second loss ofsignal alarm 130 and determining whether the second loss of signal alarmis an ON signal or an OFF signal 132 are repeated until a loss of signalalarm OFF signal 132 a is received.

FIG. 10 shows the steps of a method 140 of configuring an opticaltransmitter in an optical network according to a seventh embodiment ofthe invention. The steps of the method 140 are the same as the steps ofthe method 120 and the same reference numbers are retained.

The method 140 is specifically for configuring an optical transmitter atan optical network termination (ONT) (location B) in an optical networkcomprising an optical line termination (OLT) (location A).

An eighth embodiment of the invention provides a method 150 of remotelysetting a wavelength of an optical transmitter in an optical network, asshown in FIG. 11.

The method 150 comprises, at a location remote from the opticaltransmitter, determining whether a first optical signal generated by theoptical transmitter is present and has a wavelength within a receivingwavelength band 152. The method 150 further comprises, when the firstoptical signal is present and has a wavelength within the receivingwavelength band 152 a, generating and transmitting a second opticalsignal 154.

1. An optical network comprising: an optical network element comprisinga first optical transmitter arranged to generate and transmit a firstoptical signal, a first controller arranged to control said firstoptical transmitter to generate and transmit said first optical signalat a wavelength selected from a predetermined plurality of wavelengths,and an optical receiver arranged to detect a second optical signal; asecond optical transmitter arranged to generate and transmit said secondoptical signal, a second controller arranged to control said secondoptical transmitter to generate and transmit said second optical signal,and optical receiver apparatus arranged to detect an optical signalhaving a wavelength within a receiving wavelength band, said firstcontroller being arranged to control said first optical transmitter toiteratively generate and transmit said first optical signal at differentwavelengths of said plurality of wavelengths until said second opticalsignal is detected, and being further arranged to subsequently maintaingeneration and transmission of said first optical signal at saidwavelength at which said second optical signal is detected, and saidsecond controller being arranged to control said second opticaltransmitter to generate and transmit said second optical signalfollowing detection of said first optical signal by said opticalreceiver apparatus.
 2. An optical network as claimed in claim 1, whereinsaid optical receiver has a threshold optical power and does not detectoptical signals having an optical power below said threshold opticalpower and is provided with a first loss of signal alarm arranged togenerate a first loss of signal alarm ON signal when no said secondoptical signal is detected, being when a said second optical signal isreceived and has an optical power below said threshold optical power orwhen no second optical signal is received, and said first controller isarranged to receive said first loss of signal alarm ON signal and isarranged to control said first optical transmitter to generate andtransmit said first optical signal in response to receiving said firstloss of signal alarm ON signal.
 3. An optical network as claimed inclaim 2, wherein said first loss of signal alarm is further arranged togenerate a first loss of signal alarm OFF signal when a said secondoptical signal is detected, being when a said second optical signal isreceived and has an optical power at or above said threshold opticalpower, and said first controller is arranged to control said firstoptical transmitter to iteratively generate and transmit said firstoptical signal at different wavelengths of said plurality of wavelengthsuntil a said first loss of signal alarm OFF signal is received and beingfurther arranged to subsequently maintain generation and transmission ofsaid first optical signal at said wavelength at which said first loss ofsignal alarm OFF signal is received.
 4. An optical network as claimed inclaim 1, wherein said optical receiver apparatus has a threshold opticalpower and does not detect optical signals having an optical power belowsaid threshold optical power and is provided with a second loss ofsignal alarm arranged to generate a second loss of signal alarm OFFsignal when a said first optical signal is detected, being when a saidfirst optical signal is received and has an optical power at or abovesaid threshold optical power, and said second controller being arrangedto receive said second loss of signal alarm OFF signal and to controlsaid second optical transmitter to generate and transmit said secondoptical signal in response to receiving said second loss of signal alarmOFF signal.
 5. An optical network as claimed in claim 1, wherein saidoptical receiver apparatus comprises an optical detector coupled to anoutput port of a wavelength selective router.
 6. An optical network asclaimed in claim 5, wherein said optical detector has a sensitivitythreshold which is higher than a maximum adjacent crosstalk of saidoutput port.
 7. An optical network as claimed in claim 6, wherein saidfirst optical transmitter is arranged to generate and transmit a firstoptical signal having an optical power which is not greater than adifference between said sensitivity threshold and an attenuationexperienced by said first optical signal on transmission across saidnetwork.
 8. An optical network element comprising: an opticaltransmitter arranged to generate and transmit a first optical signal; acontroller arranged to control said optical transmitter to generate andtransmit said first optical signal at a wavelength selected from apredetermined plurality of wavelengths; and an optical receiver arrangedto detect a second optical signal, said controller being arranged tocontrol said optical transmitter to iteratively generate and transmitsaid first optical signal at different wavelengths of said plurality ofwavelengths until said second optical signal is detected, and beingfurther arranged to subsequently maintain generation and transmission ofsaid first optical signal at said wavelength at which said secondoptical signal is detected.
 9. (canceled)
 10. A method of configuring anoptical transmitter in an optical network, the method comprising: at afirst network location, determining whether a first optical signal ispresent and has a wavelength within a receiving wavelength band, andwhen said first optical signal is present and has a wavelength withinsaid receiving wavelength band, generating and transmitting a secondoptical signal; and at a second network location, at which said opticaltransmitter is located, iteratively generating and transmitting saidfirst optical signal at different wavelengths of a predeterminedplurality of wavelengths until said second optical signal is determinedto be present, and when said second optical signal is determined to bepresent, subsequently maintaining generation and transmission of saidfirst optical signal at said wavelength at which said second opticalsignal is so determined to be present.
 11. A method as claimed in claim10, wherein said step of determining whether said first optical signalis present and has a wavelength within said receiving wavelength bandcomprises receiving a first loss of signal alarm signal and determiningwhether said first loss of signal alarm signal is a loss of signal alarmOFF signal indicative that said first optical signal is received and hasan optical power at or above a threshold optical power.
 12. A method asclaimed in claim 10, wherein said step of determining whether saidsecond optical signal is present comprises receiving a second loss ofsignal alarm signal and determining whether said second loss of signalalarm signal is a loss of signal alarm ON signal indicative that saidsecond optical signal is not present.
 13. A method as claimed in claim12, wherein said step of determining whether said second optical signalis present further comprises determining whether said second loss ofsignal alarm signal is a loss of signal alarm OFF signal indicative thatsaid second optical signal is present.
 14. A method as claimed in claim10, wherein said first optical signal is determined as being present ifsaid first optical signal is received and has an optical power equal toor greater then a detector sensitivity threshold.
 15. A method asclaimed in claim 14, wherein said second optical signal has an opticalpower which is not greater than the difference between said detectorsensitivity threshold and an attenuation experienced by said secondoptical signal on transmission across said network.
 16. (canceled) 17.(canceled)
 18. A configuration method performed by an optical networkelement (ONE) of an optical network, the ONE being optically connectedto an optical line termination (OLT) over an optical link, the methodcomprising: transmitting, from the ONE, an uplink optical signal to theOLT, the uplink optical signal being an optical signal, and a wavelengthof the uplink optical signal being selected from a plurality ofwavelengths; subsequent to transmitting the uplink optical signal to theOLT, determining, at the ONE, whether a predetermined downlink opticalsignal is present on the optical link, the downlink optical signal beingan optical signal transmitted from the OLT; and in response todetermining that the predetermined downlink optical signal is present onthe optical link, continuing to transmit, from the ONE, the uplinkoptical signal at the selected wavelength to the OLT; and in response todetermining that the predetermined downlink optical signal is notpresent on the optical link, iterating through the step of transmittingthe uplink optical signal to the OLT and the step of determining whetherthe predetermined downlink optical signal is present on the optical linkuntil it is determined that that the predetermined downlink opticalsignal is present on the optical link, wherein in the step oftransmitting the uplink optical signal to the OLT, a differentwavelength among the plurality of wavelengths is selected in eachiteration, and wherein in the step of determining whether the downlinkoptical signal is present on the optical link sensing of the downlinkoptical signal is performed with respect to the same wavelength in eachiteration.
 19. A configuration method as claimed in claim 18, comprisinggenerating a loss of signal (LOS) alarm signal if the ONE determines nodownlink optical signal is present on the optical link at said samewavelength.
 20. A configuration method as claimed in claim 19,comprising, subsequent to generation of a LOS alarm signal,transmitting, from the ONE, an uplink optical signal to the OLT, theuplink optical signal being an optical signal, and a wavelength of theuplink optical signal being selected from said plurality of wavelengths.21. An optical network element as claimed in claim 8, wherein thereceiver is arranged to generate a loss of signal (LOS) alarm signalwhen no second optical signal is detected.
 22. An optical networkelement as claimed in claim 21, wherein said controller is arranged tocontrol said optical transmitter to iteratively generate and transmitsaid first optical signal at different wavelengths of said plurality ofwavelengths after the receiver generates a LOS alarm signal.